Contents
1 Definition of human rights
2 The importance of human rights
3 Characteristics of human rights
4 International Bill of Human Rights
5 International Commission for Human Rights
6 Human Rights Conventions
7 human rights organizations
Definition of human rights Human rights are defined as the acquired rights of every human being on the face of the earth without bias or discrimination, regardless of his race, nationality, gender, language, or religion.
Thus, every individual in the world is entitled to enjoy special rights. without any prejudice to it in order to ensure that he lives in dignity and equality, [1] [2] Human rights are represented in many areas as follows:
[1] [3] The first of which is freedom, such as freedom of belief, freedom of opinion and expression , and protection from enslavement and torture. Right to life.
The right to work and learn. The right to protection and preservation of social status, which is represented in obtaining benefits for individuals.
Main / life and society , Community issues / Research on human rights Research on human rights Written by:
Waleed Ostaz Last updated: 10:01, August 8, 2023 Contents
1 Definition of human rights
2 The importance of human rights
3 Characteristics of human rights
4 International Bill of Human Rights
5 International Commission for Human Rights
6 Human Rights Conventions
7 human rights organizations
8 References Related Research on human rights and children Research on environmental protection and human rights Definition of human rights Human rights are defined as the acquired rights of every human being on the face of the earth without bias or discrimination, regardless of his race, nationality, gender, language, or religion.
Thus, every individual in the world is entitled to enjoy special rights.
without any prejudice to it in order to ensure that he lives in dignity and equality, [1] [2] Human rights are represented in many areas as follows: [
1] [3] The first of which is freedom, such as freedom of belief, freedom of opinion and expression , and protection from enslavement and torture.
Right to life. The right to work and learn. The right to protection and preservation of social status, which is represented in obtaining benefits for individuals. It should be noted that these rights are acquired by every individual anywhere in the world. It is requested automatically by the responsible authorities or those assigned to do it.
[1] [3] The importance of human rights The importance of human rights lies in the following: Ensuring the minimum and necessary requirements for a person to live in dignity, whether at the level of his basic needs.
Such as the right to food, housing, and the right to education .
Which leads him to take advantage of the opportunities available to him.
It guarantees human freedoms; Such as the freedom to choose a lifestyle, freedom of expression, and the freedom to choose the political orientations that the individual wishes to support. Securing all these freedoms ensures that individuals are protected from assault and persecution by any party stronger or with higher authority than them.
[4] Characteristics of human rights Human rights have several characteristics, the most prominent of which are the following: Rights are universal and inalienable This principle is considered the cornerstone of international human rights law , and it appeared for the first time in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 AD.
In which all countries have agreed to at least one of the main treaties related to human rights contained therein, and about 80% of countries have agreed to 4 or more treaties, and human rights are characterized by being inalienable, and cannot be withdrawn from a person except in certain circumstances; Such as restricting a person’s right to freedom as a result of the judicial court finding that he is guilty and has committed a crime of some kind.
[5] Rights are indivisible All human rights are indivisible, whether they are civil or political. Such as the right to equality before the law, the right to freedom of expression, or economic, social and cultural rights. Such as the right to freedom of work, education, social security, or collective rights; Such as the right to self-determination.
[5] Rights are equal and non-discriminatory This principle applies to all persons and freedoms; It is present in all major treaties related to human rights, and is summed up in this principle that all people are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
[5] International Bill of Human Rights International human rights law consists of several human rights declarations, the first and most important of which is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, accompanied by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, with optional laws on objections and the death penalty, and the second of which is the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, in addition to its optional laws, [1] These declarations include several rights as follows:
[4] The right to equality and protection from discrimination. The right to food and housing. The right to privacy.
Freedom of belief and religion. The right to health and treatment. The right to learn. Right to work. The right to life, liberty and personal security.
The right to an adequate standard of living.
The right to social security. The right to freedom of expression. The right to freedom of peaceful assembly and the formation of independent associations. The right to participate in governments.
The right to protection from torture and inhuman treatment. The right to equality before the law and to fair trials.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the first international charter agreed upon by the countries of the world to establish freedoms and rights, and to agree to protect them throughout the world and for all individuals. The Declaration included thirty articles detailing those rights and freedoms, as follows:
[ 6] freedom of expression. Asylum. Civil and political rights. Social rights, such as the right to live in suitable housing.
Cultural rights.
economic rights; Such as the right to obtain social security, and other various rights. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights The United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the sixteenth of December 1966 AD,
and it entered into force on the twenty-third of April 1976 AD, and 167 states had ratified it by mid-2012 AD.
[ 7] The provisions of the Covenant are concentrated in: Many rights, the most important of which are the following:
[1] Freedom of movement. Equality before the law.
The right to a fair trial. The right to the presumption of innocence; Which states that a person is innocent unless proven guilty. Freedom of thought and religion. Freedom of expression and peaceful assembly.
Freedom to form independent associations.
Freedom to participate in the management of public affairs and elections. Protecting minority rights .
It is noteworthy that the New Testament criminalizes unjust practices, such as:
[1] Arbitrary deprivation of life using torture and inhuman treatment.
Criminalizing arbitrary arrest. Criminalizing slavery and forced labor. Criminalizing war propaganda.
Criminalizing discrimination. Criminalizing hate speech against any race or religion.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is considered; Known by the abbreviation (ICESCR), an international human rights treaty was adopted in 1966 AD, and ratified by the United Kingdom in 1976 AD.
This covenant guarantees individuals the enjoyment of the following rights:
[8] Economic rights.
Social rights. cultural rights; Such as the right to education, the right to work in fair conditions, obtaining an appropriate standard of living, obtaining the best available standard of health treatment, obtaining social security, and others.
International Commission for Human Rights The United Nations is a multilateral governmental agency, the only one of its kind in the world.
It is also considered an internationally accepted judicial body to supervise the laws relating to the application of human rights in the world, with the participation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights .
Which plays the role of the General Secretariat in the field of supporting the mechanisms supervising the implementation of the provisions of humanitarian treaties. As for the mechanisms and procedures, they are related to the following:
[9] United Nations Human Rights Council. United Nations Special Procedures.
Monitoring bodies made up of independent experts who supervise treaty countries’ compliance with various treaty obligations. United Nations Human Rights Council The United Nations Human Rights Council was established by the United Nations General Assembly on March 15, 2006.
[1] The Council is considered one of the foundations of the system in the United Nations to preserve human rights.
It is considered the intergovernmental organization responsible for dealing with cases of human rights violations, in addition to being responsible for receiving reports on countries and topics related to human rights by independent experts who have their own procedures, and receiving reports from the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
[10] Special procedures Special procedures are defined as mechanisms established by the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights that deal with human rights challenges in specific countries, or focus on dealing with specific and widespread human rights violations around the world; Such as child trafficking and others. Special procedures are divided into two types:
A thematic mandate and a country mandate.
There are currently 29 thematic mandates and nine country mandates.
Both types of mandates use mandate holders to investigate, monitor, advise, and provide public reports on human rights problems in specific countries or on a global phenomenon.
Violates one human right in particular.
[9] It is worth noting that the special procedures carry out many activities related to human rights under their umbrella.
Such as responding to individuals’ humanitarian complaints, conducting studies, providing consultations regarding technical cooperation programming at the country level, and participating in raising awareness of innovative mechanisms.
All of these activities are carried out either through a single individual called the Special Rapporteur, or through the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, or the independent expert, Or through a work team consisting of five individuals representing the five continents.
[9] Human rights conventions Organizations continued to draw up agreements after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and a group of human rights agreements were drawn up, including:
Convention on the Rights of the Child The Convention on the Rights of the Child was drawn up in 1989 AD by a decision of the General Assembly, and was implemented in 1990 AD. It is concerned with children’s rights, through a vision of the importance of caring for children. Because he is physically and mentally immature.
[11] Convention on the Elimination of Forms of Discrimination against Women This agreement was drawn up in 1979 AD, and entered into force in 1981 AD.
It is a detailed agreement for one of the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It emphasizes the importance of non-discrimination on the basis of sex, and that people are born equal in dignity and rights, and it focuses more on women and their rights.
[11] Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment This agreement was drafted in 1984 AD, and its implementation began in 1987 AD.
It is a detailed agreement for Articles No. 5 and No.
7 of the Human Rights Convention. These two articles stipulate that no one may be subjected to torture, cruel, inhuman, degrading or other punishment.
[11] International Convention for the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of their Families This agreement was adopted in 1990 AD, and it looks at the extent of the problems that migrants may suffer in order to work in countries other than their own, and emphasizes the importance of establishing and protecting their rights.
[11] Human rights organizations The orientations of human rights organizations are diverse, and they all aim to preserve human rights globally.
The following shows the most prominent organizations concerned with and defend human rights: Amnesty International (in English: Amnesty International), Amnesty International is an international movement in which individuals of different races, religions, political and economic orientations participate.
To lift injustice in the world, its activities globally focus on conducting research, advocacy, assembly, and creating campaigns that contribute to addressing human rights violations. Translate
[12] Human Rights Watch Organization (English: Human Rights Watch), this organization is considered a global organization concerned with investigating and submitting reports on human rights violations in various parts of the world. It works with governments, economic parties, and armed forces with the aim of changing their policies and eliminating various violations of human rights. It includes approximately 450 employees from various fields; Such as lawyers, journalists, and human rights workers in different countries. [12] Civil Rights Defenders Organization (In English: Civil Rights Defenders), this organization was founded in 1982 AD in Sweden, and includes independent experts who aim to protect the civil and political rights of individuals, and to provide support to experts affiliated with it who are facing danger in the world, through mobilization, litigation, and public information campaigns. [12] An organization without borders (English: Human Rights Without Frontiers), Human Rights Without Frontiers is a global non-profit organization based in Belgium that aims to advocate for democracy, social justice, and respect for human rights, through adherence to international conventions, publishing research, sharing information, and organizing public events. And dialogue with political decision-makers in the world.
[12] Physicians for Human Rights (In English: Physicians for Human Rights), this organization is considered an international organization that aims to use its medical and scientific expertise to point out and document human rights violations, prevent torture in all its forms, call for the protection of persecuted medical personnel, and hold parties violating those rights under accountability.
[12] International Organization Against Slavery (In English: Anti-Slavery International), this organization is considered one of the oldest human rights organizations that contributed to changing policies in the world through dialogue. Its goal is to eliminate all forms of slavery in the world and the unjust exploitation of workers subject to persecution.
The organization performs several functions: It is an advisory body for the United Nations Economic and Social Council and a supervisory body for the International Labor Organization, in addition to its work in raising awareness and preventing all forms of oppression at work.
[12] Universal Rights Organization (In English: Global Rights), this organization is a non-governmental organization that was established in 1978 AD in the city of Washington , and its headquarters moved to Nigeria in 2014 AD.
This organization aims to support less fortunate communities and create mechanisms that help in the participation of these communities in political decisions, and it also It provides judicial services and trains local institutions to document various human rights violations
USA GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATION 